一 : shell编程之if判断的总结
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 本文为个人笔记,仅供参考,希望对您的疑问有所帮助。欢迎转载,转载请注明出处。谢谢!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------最近常接触shell脚本,作为shell编程学习总结的第一篇,常用的if判断。一、if的基本语法:if [ command ];then 符合该条件执行的语句elif [ command ];then 符合该条件执行的语句else 符合该条件执行的语句fi二、文件/文件夹(目录)判断[ -b FILE ] 如果 FILE 存在且是一个块特殊文件则为真。[ -c FILE ] 如果 FILE 存在且是一个字特殊文件则为真。[ -d DIR ] 如果 FILE 存在且是一个目录则为真。[ -e FILE ] 如果 FILE 存在则为真。[ -f FILE ] 如果 FILE 存在且是一个普通文件则为真。[ -g FILE ] 如果 FILE 存在且已经设置了SGID则为真。[ -k FILE ] 如果 FILE 存在且已经设置了粘制位则为真。[ -p FILE ] 如果 FILE 存在且是一个名字管道(F如果O)则为真。[ -r FILE ] 如果 FILE 存在且是可读的则为真。[ -s FILE ] 如果 FILE存在且大小不为0则为真。[ -t FD ] 如果文件描述符 FD 打开且指向一个终端则为真。[ -u FILE ] 如果 FILE 存在且设置了SUID (set user ID)则为真。[ -w FILE ] 如果 FILE存在且是可写的则为真。[ -x FILE ] 如果 FILE 存在且是可执行的则为真。[ -O FILE ] 如果 FILE 存在且属有效用户ID则为真。[ -G FILE ] 如果 FILE 存在且属有效用户组则为真。[ -L FILE ] 如果 FILE 存在且是一个符号连接则为真。[ -N FILE ] 如果 FILE 存在 and has been mod如果ied since it was lastread则为真。[ -S FILE ] 如果 FILE 存在且是一个套接字则为真。[ FILE1 -nt FILE2 ] 如果 FILE1 has been changed more recentlythan FILE2, or 如果 FILE1 exists and FILE2 does not则为真。[ FILE1 -ot FILE2 ] 如果 FILE1 比 FILE2 要老, 或者 FILE2 存在且 FILE1不存在则为真。[ FILE1 -ef FILE2 ] 如果 FILE1 和 FILE2 指向相同的设备和节点号则为真。
三、字符串判断[ -z STRING ] 如果STRING的长度为零则为真 ,即判断是否为空,空即是真;[ -n STRING ] 如果STRING的长度非零则为真 ,即判断是否为非空,非空即是真;[ STRING1 = STRING2 ] 如果两个字符串相同则为真 ;[ STRING1 != STRING2 ] 如果字符串不相同则为真 ;[ STRING1 ] 如果字符串不为空则为真,与-n类似
四、数值判断INT1 -eq INT2 INT1和INT2两数相等为真 ,=INT1 -ne INT2 INT1和INT2两数不等为真 ,<>INT1 -gt INT2 INT1大于INT1为真 ,>INT1 -ge INT2 INT1大于等于INT2为真,>=INT1 -lt INT2 INT1小于INT2为真,<</div>INT1 -le INT2 INT1小于等于INT2为真,<=
五、复杂逻辑判断-a 与-o 或! 非
exp1: 如果a>b且aif (( a > b ))&& (( a < c ))或者if [[ $a > $b ]]&& [[ $a < $c]]或者if [ $a -gt $b -a $a -lt $c ]
exp2:如果a>b或aif (( a > b )) || (( a < c))或者if [[ $a > $b ]] || [[ $a < $c]]或者if [ $a -gt $b -o $a -lt $c ]"||"和"&&"在SHELL里可以用[www.61k.com),也就是第一个写成if[ a>b && a

六、调试及查看shell脚本的执行过程在执行的时候,通过下面的方式:#bash -x strtst.sh

或者可以在脚本内部的开头,即#!/bin/sh下增加一行set-x

七、举例1、if语句的基本结构实现:exp1:查看当前操作系统类型#!/bin/shSYSTEM=`uname -s` #获取操作系统类型,我本地是linuxif [ $SYSTEM = "Linux" ] ; then#如果是linux的话打印linux字符串echo "Linux"elif [ $SYSTEM = "FreeBSD" ] ;thenecho "FreeBSD"elif [ $SYSTEM = "Solaris" ] ;thenecho "Solaris"elseecho "What?"fi
2、if利用read传参判断exp2:查看分数#!/bin/bash#echo -n "please input yourscore:"#read score#echo "input score is $ score"read -p "please input a score:"scoreecho -e "your score [$score] isjudging by sys now"if [ "$score" -ge "0"]&&[ "$score" -lt "60" ];then echo"sorry,you are lost!"elif [ "$score" -ge "60"]&&[ "$score" -lt "85" ];then echo "justsoso!"elif [ "$score" -le "100"]&&[ "$score" -ge "85" ];then echo "goodjob!"else echo"input score is wrong , the range is [0-100]!"fi
说明:通过echo 输出(#注销掉的)和read-p结果是一样的,只需要注意echo的参数设置。 echo-e参数使输出中的反斜线(\)的说明起作用 echo-n参数使引号后的内容接着输出(不换行)

3.注意if判断中对于变量的处理,需要加引号,以免一些不必要的错误!
没有加双引号会在一些含空格等的字符串变量判断的时候产生错误。


二 : shell编程——if语句
if 语句格式
if 条件 then Command else Command fi别忘了这个结尾 |
If语句忘了结尾fi test.sh: line 14: syntax error: unexpected end of fi |
if 的三种条件表达式
if command then if 函数 then | 命令执行成功,等于返回0 (比如grep ,找到匹配) 执行失败,返回非0 (grep,没找到匹配) |
if [ expression_r_r_r ] then | 表达式结果为真,则返回0,if把0值引向then |
if test expression_r_r_r then | 表达式结果为假,则返回非0,if把非0值引向then |
[ ]&&——快捷if
[ -f "/etc/shadow" ] && echo"This computer uses shadow passwors" |
&&可以理解为then 如果左边的表达式为真则执行右边的语句 |
shell的if与c语言if的功能上的区别
shell if | c语言if |
0为真,走then | 正好相反,非0走then |
不支持整数变量直接if 必须:if [ i –ne 0 ] 但支持字符串变量直接if if [ str ] 如果字符串非0 | 支持变量直接if if (i ) |
=================================以command作为if条件===================================
以多条command或者函数作为if 条件
echo –n “input:” read user if 多条指令,这些命令之间相当于“and”(与) grep $user /etc/passwd>/tmp/null who -u | grep $user then上边的指令都执行成功,返回值$?为0,0为真,运行then echo "$user has logged" else指令执行失败,$?为1,运行else echo "$user has not logged" fi |
# sh test.sh input : macg macgpts/0May 15 15:55.2075 (192.168.1.100) macg has logged # sh test.sh input : ddd ddd has not logged |
以函数作为if条件(函数就相当于command,函数的优点是其return值可以自定义)
if 以函数作为if条件, getyn then 函数reture值0为真,走then echo " your answer is yes" else 函数return值非0为假,走else echo "your anser is no" fi |
if command 等价于 command+if$?
$ vi testsh.sh #!/bin/sh if cat 111-tmp.txt | grepting1 then echo found else echo "no found" fi | $ vi testsh.sh #!/bin/sh cat 111-tmp.txt | grepting1 if [ $? -eq 0 ] then echo $? echo found else echo $? echo "no found" fi |
$ sh testsh.sh no found | $ sh testsh.sh 1 no found |
$ vi 111-tmp.txt that is 222file thisting1 is 111file $ sh testsh.sh thisting1 is 111file found | $ vi 111-tmp.txt that is 222file thisting1 is 111file $ sh testsh.sh thisting1 is 111file 0 found |
========================================以条件表达式作为if条件=============================
传统if 从句子——以条件表达式作为 if条件
if [ 条件表达式 ]
then
command
command
command
else
command
command
fi
条件表达式
if [ -f file]如果文件存在
if [ -d...]如果目录存在
if [ -s file]如果文件存在且非空
if [ -r file]如果文件存在且可读
if [ -w file ] 如果文件存在且可写
if [ -x file ] 如果文件存在且可执行
if [ int1 -eq int2]如果int1等于int2
if [ int1 -ne int2] 如果不等于
if [ int1 -ge int2]如果>=
if [ int1 -gt int2]如果>
if [ int1 -le int2]如果<=
if [ int1 -lt int2]如果<
If [ $a = $b] 如果string1等于string2
字符串允许使用赋值号做等号
if [ $string1 != $string2]如果string1不等于string2
if [ -n$string] 如果string 非空(非0),返回0(true)
if [ -z $string]如果string 为空
if [ $sting] 如果string非空,返回0 (和-n类似)
条件表达式引用变量要带$
if [ a = b ];then echo equal else echo no equal fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 5 input b: 5 no equal(等于表达式没比较$a和$b,而是比较和a和b,自然a!=b) |
if [ $a = $b ];then echo equal else echo no equal fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 5 input b: 5 equal |
-eq -ne-lt -nt只能用于整数,不适用于字符串,字符串等于用赋值号=
[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo -n "input your choice:" read var if [ $var -eq "yes" ] then echo $var fi [macg@machome ~]$ sh -x test.sh input your choice: y test.sh: line 3: test: y: integerexpression_r_r_r expected 期望整数形式,即-eq不支持字符串 |
=放在别的地方是赋值,放在if [ ]里就是字符串等于,shell里面没有==的,那是c语言的等于
无空格的字符串,可以加" ",也可以不加
[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input a:" read a echo "input is $a" if [ $a = 123 ] ; then echo equal123 fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 123 input is 123 equal123 |
=作为等于时,其两边都必须加空格,否则失效
等号也是操作符,必须和其他变量,关键字,用空格格开 (等号做赋值号时正好相反,两边不能有空格)
[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input your choice:" read var if [ $var="yes" ] then echo $var echo "input is correct" else echo $var echo "input error" fi | [macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input your choice:" read var if [ $var = "yes"] 在等号两边加空格 then echo $var echo "input is correct" else echo $var echo "input error" fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: y y input is correct [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: n n input is correct 输错了也走then,都走then,为什么? 因为if把$var="yes"连读成一个变量,而此变量为空,返回1,则走else | [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: y y input error [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: no no input error 一切正常 |
If[ $ANS]等价于 if [ -n $ANS ]
如果字符串变量非空(then) , 空(else)
echo "input your choice:" read ANS if [ $ANS ] then echo no empty else echo empth fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input yourchoice: 回车 empth说明“回车”就是空串 [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: 34 no empty |
整数条件表达式,大于,小于,shell里没有> 和<,会被当作尖括号,只有-ge,-gt,-le,lt
[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input a:" read a if [ $a -ge 100 ] ; then echo 3bit else echo 2bit fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 123 3bit [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 20 2bit |
整数操作符号-ge,-gt,-le,-lt, 别忘了加-
if test $a ge 100 ; then [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh test.sh: line 4: test: ge: binary operator expected |
if test $a -ge 100 ; then [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 123 3bit |
============================逻辑表达式=========================================
逻辑非!条件表达式的相反
if [ ! 表达式 ]
if [ ! -d $num]如果不存在目录$num
逻辑与–a条件表达式的并列
if [ 表达式1 –a 表达式2 ]
逻辑或-o条件表达式的或
if [ 表达式1 –o 表达式2 ]
逻辑表达式
if [ -z "$JHHOME" -a -d $HOME/$num ]
最常见的赋值形式,赋值前对=两边的变量都进行评测
左边测变量是否为空,右边测目录(值)是否存在(值是否有效)
[macg@mac-home ~]$ vi test.sh : echo "input the num:" read num echo "input is $num" if [ -z "$JHHOME" -a -d $HOME/$num]如果变量$JHHOME为空,且$HOME/$num目录存在 then JHHOME=$HOME/$num 则赋值 fi echo "JHHOME is$JHHOME" |
----------------------- [macg@mac-home ~]$ sh test.sh input the num: ppp input is ppp JHHOME is 目录-d$HOME/$num不存在,所以$JHHOME没被then赋值 |
[macg@mac-home ~]$ mkdir ppp [macg@mac-home ~]$ sh test.sh input the num: ppp input is ppp JHHOME is /home/macg/ppp |
一个-o的例子,其中却揭示了”=”必须两边留空格的问题
echo "input your choice:" read ANS if [ $ANS="Yes" -o$ANS="yes" -o $ANS="y" -o $ANS="Y" ] then ANS="y" else ANS="n" fi echo $ANS |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: n y [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: no y 为什么输入不是yes,结果仍是y(走then) 因为=被连读了,成了变量$ANS="Yes",而变量又为空,所以走else了 |
[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input your choice:" read ANS echo"input your choice:" read ANS if [ $ANS = "Yes" -o $ANS ="yes" -o $ANS = "y" -o $ANS = "Y" ] then ANS="y" else ANS="n" fi echo $ANS |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: no n [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: yes y [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: y y |
===================以 test 条件表达式作为if条件===================================
if test $num -eq0等价于 if [ $num –eq 0]
test表达式,没有 [ ]
if test $num -eq0
then
echo "try again"
else
echo "good"
fi
man test
[macg@machome ~]$ man test [(1)UserCommands[(1) SYNOPSIS test EXPRESSION [ EXPRESSION ] [-n] STRING the length of STRING isnonzero-n和直接$str都是非0条件 -z STRING the length of STRING is zero STRING1 = STRING2 the strings are equal STRING1 != STRING2 the strings are not equal INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2 INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2 INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2 INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2 INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2 INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2 FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2 FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 is older than FILE2 -b FILE FILE exists and is block special -c FILE FILE exists and is character special -d FILE FILE exists and is a directory -e FILE FILEexists文件存在 -f FILE FILE exists and is a regularfile文件存在且是普通文件 -h FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L) -L FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h) -G FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID -O FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID -p FILE FILE exists and is a named pipe -s FILE FILE exists and has a size greater than zero -S FILE FILE exists and is a socket -w FILE FILE exists and is writable -x FILE FILE exists and is executable |
======================if简化语句=================================
最常用的简化if语句
&&如果是“前面”,则“后面” [ -f /var/run/dhcpd.pid ] && rm/var/run/dhcpd.pid检查 文件是否存在,如果存在就删掉 |
||如果不是“前面”,则后面 [ -f /usr/sbin/dhcpd ] || exit0检验文件是否存在,如果存在就退出 |
用简化 if 和$1,$2,$3来检测参数,不合理就调用help
[ -z "$1" ]&&help如果第一个参数不存在(-z 字符串长度为0 )
[ "$1" = "-h" ] &&help如果第一个参数是-h,就显示help
例子
#!/bin/sh
[ -f "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0" ]&& rm -f/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
cp ifcfg-eth0.bridge/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
[ -f "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1" ]&& rm -f/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
cp ifcfg-eth1.bridge/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
[ -f "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1" ]&& rm -f/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1
三 : shell编程if语句
文章转自:互联网
if 语句格式
if 条件 then Command else Command fi 别忘了这个结尾 |
If语句忘了结尾fi test.sh: line 14: syntax error: unexpected end of fi |
if 的三种条件表达式
if command then if 函数 then | 命令执行成功,等于返回0 (比如grep ,找到匹配) 执行失败,返回非0 (grep,没找到匹配) |
if [ expression_r_r_r ] then | 表达式结果为真,则返回0,if把0值引向then |
if test expression_r_r_r then | 表达式结果为假,则返回非0,if把非0值引向then |
[ ] && ——快捷if
[ -f "/etc/shadow" ] && echo "This computer uses shadow passwors" |
&& 可以理解为then 如果左边的表达式为真则执行右边的语句 |
shell的if与c语言if的功能上的区别
shell if | c语言if |
0为真,走then | 正好相反,非0走then |
不支持整数变量直接if 必须:if [ i –ne 0 ] 但支持字符串变量直接if if [ str ] 如果字符串非0 | 支持变量直接if if (i ) |
=================================以command作为if 条件=================================== 以多条command或者函数作为if 条件
echo –n “input:” read user grep $user /etc/passwd >/tmp/null who -u | grep $user then 上边的指令都执行成功,返回值$?为0,0为真,运行then echo "$user has logged" else 指令执行失败,$?为1,运行else echo "$user has not logged" fi |
# sh test.sh input : macg macg pts/0 May 15 15:55 . 2075 (192.168.1.100) macg has logged # sh test.sh input : ddd ddd has not logged |
以函数作为if条件 (函数就相当于command,函数的优点是其return值可以自定义)
if 以函数作为if条件, getyn then 函数reture值0为真,走then echo " your answer is yes" else 函数return值非0为假,走else echo "your anser is no" fi |
if command 等价于 command+if $?
$ vi testsh.sh #!/bin/sh if cat 111-tmp.txt | grep ting1 then echo found else echo "no found" fi | $ vi testsh.sh #!/bin/sh cat 111-tmp.txt | grep ting1 if [ $? -eq 0 ] then echo $? echo found else echo $? echo "no found" fi |
$ sh testsh.sh no found | $ sh testsh.sh 1 no found |
$ vi 111-tmp.txt that is 222file thisting1 is 111file $ sh testsh.sh thisting1 is 111file found | $ vi 111-tmp.txt that is 222file thisting1 is 111file $ sh testsh.sh thisting1 is 111file 0 found |
========================================以条件表达式作为 if条件=============================
传统if 从句子——以条件表达式作为 if条件 if [ 条件表达式 ] then command command command else command command fi 条件表达式
- 文件表达式
if [ -f file ] 如果文件存在
if [ -d ... ] 如果目录存在
if [ -s file ] 如果文件存在且非空 if [ -r file ] 如果文件存在且可读 if [ -w file ] 如果文件存在且可写 if [ -x file ] 如果文件存在且可执行
- 整数变量表达式
if [ int1 -eq int2 ] 如果int1等于int2
if [ int1 -ne int2 ] 如果不等于 if [ int1 -ge int2 ] 如果>= if [ int1 -gt int2 ] 如果> if [ int1 -le int2 ] 如果<= if [ int1 -lt int2 ]如果<
- 字符串变量表达式
If [ $a = $b ] 如果string1等于string2 字符串允许使用赋值号做等号 if [ $string1 != $string2 ] 如果string1不等于string2 if [ -n $string ] 如果string 非空(非0),返回0(true) if [ -z $string ] 如果string 为空 if [ $sting ] 如果string 非空,返回0 (和-n类似)
条件表达式引用变量要带$
if [ a = b ] ;then echo equal else echo no equal fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 5 input b: 5 no equal (等于表达式没比较$a和$b,而是比较和a和b,自然a!=b) |
改正:
if [ $a = $b ] ;then echo equal else echo no equal fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 5 input b: 5 equal |
-eq -ne -lt -nt只能用于整数,不适用于字符串,字符串等于用赋值号=
[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo -n "input your choice:" read var if [ $var -eq "yes" ] then echo $var fi [macg@machome ~]$ sh -x test.sh input your choice: y test.sh: line 3: test: y: integer expression_r_r_r expected 期望整数形式,即-eq不支持字符串 |
=放在别的地方是赋值,放在if [ ] 里就是字符串等于,shell里面没有==的,那是c语言的等于
无空格的字符串,可以加" ",也可以不加
[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input a:" read a echo "input is $a" if [ $a = 123 ] ; then echo equal123 fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 123 input is 123 equal123 |
= 作为等于时,其两边都必须加空格,否则失效等号也是操作符,必须和其他变量,关键字,用空格格开 (等号做赋值号时正好相反,两边不能有空格)
[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input your choice:" read var if [ $var="yes" ] then echo $var echo "input is correct" else echo $var echo "input error" fi | [macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input your choice:" read var if [ $var = "yes" ] 在等号两边加空格 then echo $var echo "input is correct" else echo $var echo "input error" fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: y y input is correct [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: n n input is correct 输错了也走then,都走then,为什么? 因为if把$var="yes"连读成一个变量,而此变量为空,返回1,则走else | [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: y y input error [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: no no input error 一切正常 |
If [ $ANS ] 等价于 if [ -n $ANS ]如果字符串变量非空(then) , 空(else)
echo "input your choice:" read ANS if [ $ANS ] then echo no empty else echo empth fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: 回车 empth 说明“回车”就是空串 [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: 34 no empty |
整数条件表达式,大于,小于,shell里没有> 和< ,会被当作尖括号,只有-ge,-gt,-le,lt
[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input a:" read a if [ $a -ge 100 ] ; then echo 3bit else echo 2bit fi |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 123 3bit [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 20 2bit |
整数操作符号-ge,-gt,-le,-lt, 别忘了加-
if test $a ge 100 ; then [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh test.sh: line 4: test: ge: binary operator expected |
if test $a -ge 100 ; then [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 123 3bit |
============================逻辑表达式========================================= 逻辑非 ! 条件表达式的相反 if [ ! 表达式 ] if [ ! -d $num ] 如果不存在目录$num
逻辑与 –a 条件表达式的并列 if [ 表达式1 –a 表达式2 ]
逻辑或 -o 条件表达式的或 if [ 表达式1 –o 表达式2 ]
逻辑表达式
- 表达式与前面的= != -d –f –x -ne -eq -lt等合用
- 逻辑符号就正常的接其他表达式,没有任何括号( ),就是并列
if [ -z "$JHHOME" -a -d $HOME/$num ]
- 注意逻辑与-a与逻辑或-o很容易和其他字符串或文件的运算符号搞混了
最常见的赋值形式,赋值前对=两边的变量都进行评测左边测变量是否为空,右边测目录(值)是否存在(值是否有效)
[macg@mac-home ~]$ vi test.sh : echo "input the num:" read num echo "input is $num" if [ -z "$JHHOME" -a -d $HOME/$num ] 如果变量$JHHOME为空,且$HOME/$num目录存在 then JHHOME=$HOME/$num 则赋值 fi echo "JHHOME is $JHHOME" |
----------------------- [macg@mac-home ~]$ sh test.sh input the num: ppp input is ppp JHHOME is 目录-d $HOME/$num 不存在,所以$JHHOME没被then赋值 |
[macg@mac-home ~]$ mkdir ppp [macg@mac-home ~]$ sh test.sh input the num: ppp input is ppp JHHOME is /home/macg/ppp |
一个-o的例子,其中却揭示了”=”必须两边留空格的问题
echo "input your choice:" read ANS if [ $ANS="Yes" -o $ANS="yes" -o $ANS="y" -o $ANS="Y" ] then ANS="y" else ANS="n" fi echo $ANS |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: n y [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: no y 为什么输入不是yes,结果仍是y(走then) 因为=被连读了,成了变量$ANS="Yes",而变量又为空,所以走else了 |
[macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input your choice:" read ANS echo "input your choice:" read ANS if [ $ANS = "Yes" -o $ANS = "yes" -o $ANS = "y" -o $ANS = "Y" ] then ANS="y" else ANS="n" fi echo $ANS |
[macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: no n [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: yes y [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: y y |
===================以 test 条件表达式作为if条件===================================
if test $num -eq 0 等价于 if [ $num –eq 0 ]
test 表达式,没有 [ ] if test $num -eq 0 then echo "try again" else echo "good" fi
man test
[macg@machome ~]$ man test [(1) User Commands [(1) SYNOPSIS test EXPRESSION [ EXPRESSION ] [-n] STRING the length of STRING is nonzero -n和直接$str都是非0条件 -z STRING the length of STRING is zero STRING1 = STRING2 the strings are equal STRING1 != STRING2 the strings are not equal INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2 INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2 INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2 INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2 INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2 INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2 FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2 FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 is older than FILE2 -b FILE FILE exists and is block special -c FILE FILE exists and is character special -d FILE FILE exists and is a directory -e FILE FILE exists 文件存在 -f FILE FILE exists and is a regular file 文件存在且是普通文件 -h FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L) -L FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h) -G FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID -O FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID -p FILE FILE exists and is a named pipe -s FILE FILE exists and has a size greater than zero -S FILE FILE exists and is a socket -w FILE FILE exists and is writable -x FILE FILE exists and is executable |
======================if简化语句=================================
最常用的简化if语句
&& 如果是“前面”,则“后面” [ -f /var/run/dhcpd.pid ] && rm /var/run/dhcpd.pid 检查 文件是否存在,如果存在就删掉 |
|| 如果不是“前面”,则后面 [ -f /usr/sbin/dhcpd ] || exit 0 检验文件是否存在,如果存在就退出 |
用简化 if 和$1,$2,$3来检测参数,不合理就调用help [ -z "$1" ] && help 如果第一个参数不存在(-z 字符串长度为0 ) [ "$1" = "-h" ] && help 如果第一个参数是-h,就显示help
例子 #!/bin/sh
[ -f "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0" ] && rm -f /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 cp ifcfg-eth0.bridge /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
[ -f "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1" ] && rm -f /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 cp ifcfg-eth1.bridge /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
[ -f "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1" ] && rm -f /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1
扩展:shell if语句 / shell脚本if语句 / shell中if语句